Automatic Fire Sprinklers System (AFSS) are specially developed spray nozzles: they are sealed by a glass bulb, and they react automatically to the heat of a fire. Sprinklers go into action when the glass bulb bursts and the nozzle closure is released. Water immediately emerges from the nozzle,and a spray plate effectively distributes it over the entire seat of the fire in the form of a fine shower of water droplets. Depending on the particular risk, the area protected by each sprinkler varies between 9, 12 and 21sqm. The choice of spray plate depends on the type and position of the sprinkler installation.
Common Types of Fire Protection System:
1. Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler System.
2. Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System.
3. Pre-Action Fire Sprinkler System.
4. Deluge Fire Sprinkler System.
5. Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System.
1.
Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler System:
A wet pipe fire sprinkler system is by far the
most common type of sprinkler system. It consists of a network of piping
containing water under pressure. Automatic sprinklers are connected to the
piping such that each sprinkler protects an assigned building area. The
application of heat to any sprinkler will cause that single sprinkler to
operate, permitting water to discharge over its area of protection.
2.
Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System:
Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems are used in
rooms exposed to the risk of frost. In the dry system, the pipe network is
pressurized from compressed air upstream of the alarm valve. If a sprinkler
opens in the dry system, the pressure is re-leased. The alarm valve opens and
water flows to the open sprinkler.In dry systems, up to 250 sprinklers can be
connected to one alarm valve.
3. Pre-Action Fire Sprinkler System:
Similar to a dry
system, the piping of a pre-action system does not contain water and may or may
not be filled with pressurized air. Water from the supply piping is held back
by a pre-action valve and is released to the system piping when the fire
detection system and/or sprinklers (depending on the type of pre-action system)
are activated.
2. Types of Pre-Action Fire Sprinkler System:
2.1. Single Interlock Pre-Action System:
Single interlock pre-action fire sprinkler
systems are used to protect high-value electronic equipment in areas such as
computer rooms.
2.2. Double Interlock System:
Single interlock Pre-action fire sprinkler
systems are used to protect high-value electronic equipment in areas such as computer
rooms.
4. Deluge Fire Sprinkler System:
Uses open sprinklers to deliver a large
quantity of water over a specified area in a short period of time. A deluge
valve is activated by a fire detection system installed in the same area as the
sprinklers. When the deluge valve opens, water flows into the system and
discharges from all the attached sprinklers in the system. Deluge systems are
used to protect flammable liquid storage, lumberyards, large airplane hangars
and electrical transformers.
5. Foam Water Fire Suppression System:
The Balanced Pressure Proportioning foam
system is the most effective and efficient method of mixing foam concentrate
with the water supply. With this method, the foam concentrate is introduced
into the sprinkler riser at a similar pressure as the water. The concentrate
flows into a ratio controller, also called a proportioner, which is installed
in the sprinkler riser. The ratio controller meters the correct quantity of
foam concentrate into the water as the water flows through the ratio controller
to the sprinkler heads.
Common
parts and automatic fire sprinkler system:
- Pressure
switch to start pump
- Electrical
switch cabinet
- Sprinkler
pump
- Dry
alarm valve set
- Wet
pipe network for sprinklers (pendent sprinklers, concealed pipe network)
- Alarm
pressure switch
- Wet
alarm valve set
- Water
tank
- Dry
pipe network for sprinklers (upright sprinklers, exposed pipe network)
- Pressure
tank
- Pump
test line with measurement device
- Fire
brigade hose connection
- Tank
filling pump
- Mechanical
alarm bells
- Compressor
- Riser
- Cross
Main
- Branch
Lines
- Fire
detection panel
